Tosihiro Oka

Department of Economics, Fukui Prefectural University.
(4-1-1, Kenjoima, Matsuoka-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui 910-11, Japan)

Abstract

Some typical cases of emission charges, tradable permits, and deposit-refund systems are reviewed from the viewpoint of the discrepancy between the actual instances and what has been presented in the theoretical frameworks describing such economic instruments. Some conditions are presented for the effective introduction of economic instruments which have advantages according to theory.

Key words: Environmental policy, Economic instrument, Emission charge, Tradable permit, Deposit-refund system