【Paper】
Policy Principles and Implications for the International Movement of Waste for Recycling
Kazuhiro Okuma
The Permanent Mission of Japan to the International Organizations in Geneva
Correspondence should be addressed to Kazuhiro Okuma:
Waste Management and Recycling Department, Ministry of the Environment
（1-2-2 Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 100-8975 Japan）

Abstract
With a view to contributing to the evaluation and development of policies regarding the recent trend toward an increasing international movement of waste for recycling, this study reviewed various principles relating to this phenomenon and analyzed the relationships among them. Some areas that were examined were support for the Ban Amendment of the Basel Convention, the urging of caution regarding this, the idea of as ‘global material circulation for recycling' in a globalizing economy, as well as the implications of Extended Producer Responsibility（EPR）.
Principles for and against the Ban Amendment were found to conflict with each other, as the former places emphasis on ‘prevention' of wastes while the latter focuses on its ‘recycling' . The concept of global material circulation will not solve this conflict as it is also aimed at recycling. If a certain international movement, in accordance with the EPR principle, held prevention as its effect, it could provide some positive change in this conflict, but the possible effects require further study. The international movement of goods falling under hazardous wastes, therefore, should continue to be restricted to the extent possible, and further studies on related areas such as possible prevention effects of international movement should be conducted.

Key words: recycle, hazardous waste, international movement, globalization, basel convention